Notably, there is strong evidence that loneliness increases mortality risk (Leigh-Hunt et al., 2017) (11).
Physically, too, rejection takes a toll. People who routinely feel excluded have poorer sleep quality, and their immune systems don’t function as well as those of people with strong social connections, he says (6).
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2011) (6).
Those findings led DeWall, Eisenberger and colleagues to wonder: If social rejection aches like physical pain, can it be treated like physical pain?
To find out, they assigned volunteers to take over-the-counter acetaminophen (Tylenol) or a placebo daily for three weeks:
(Psychological Science, 2010). (6)
Compared with the placebo group, volunteers who took the drug recounted fewer episodes of hurt feelings in daily self-reports.
Those reports were backed by an fMRI study, which found that people who had taken acetaminophen daily for three weeks had less activity in the pain-related brain regions when rejected in Cyberball,
in contrast to those taking a placebo
A longitudinal study following over 1,000 children in New Zealand from birth to age 26 found that socially isolated children are at significantly higher risk of poor cardiovascular health at age 26, holding constant many other risk factors and behaviors (Caspi, Harrington, Moffitt, Milne, & Poulton, 2006). (12)
The authors also found that loneliness during adolescence predicted a greater risk for more specific health risks, such as
high cholesterol,
high blood pressure,
and obesity in young adulthood (12).
Social isolation may have a cumulative effect (12).
Over time, loneliness may cause a decline in your general well-being. A 2015 review found loneliness and social isolation were twice as harmful to mental and physical health as obesity (4).
A substantial body of scientific research from (Holt-Lunstad, Smith, Baker, Harris, & Stephenson, 2015; Holt-Lunstad, Smith, & Layton, 2010; Pantell et al., 2013) (12) shows that social isolation is a risk factor for death that is comparable to or even exceeds other well-established and well-publicized risk factors for mortality, including:
Sources:
(1) https://carolinemaguireauthor.com/help-a-kid-who-is-being-ostracized-feeling-left-out/
(2) https://www.responsiveclassroom.org/how-to-talk-with-parents-about-cliques-and-exclusion/
(3) https://afineparent.com/positive-parenting-faq/social-exclusion.html
(4) https://psychcentral.com/health/why-feeling-left-stings-and-healthy-ways-to-cope#why-it-bothers-you
(6) https://www.apa.org/monitor/2012/04/rejection
(7) https://gsdrc.org/topic-guides/social-exclusion/causes/exclusion-based-on-social-status-or-identity/
(8) https://www.mcleanhospital.org/essential/bullying-kids-teens
(9) https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1368214/full
(10) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22889163/
(11) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0190740924000148
(12) https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1184924.pdf
(13) https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6085085/
(14) (https://conversationstoremember.org/loneliness-and-isolation/#:~:text=Loneliness%2C%20on%20the%20other%20hand,of%20a%20hostile%20social%20environment.)
(15) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022519321003581
(16) https://elifesciences.org/articles/78246
(17) https://educationdata.org/public-education-spending-statistics
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